An effective Alzheimer’s treatment sought by 2025

Today’s treatments only temporarily ease symptoms.

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By Lauran Neergaard, Associated Press 10:14 PM Tuesday, January 17, 2012

WASHINGTON — Effective treatments for Alzheimer’s by 2025? That’s the target the government is eyeing as it develops a national strategy to tackle what could become the defining disease of a rapidly aging population.

It’s an ambitious goal — and on Tuesday, advisers to the government stressed that millions of families need better help now to care for their loved ones.

“What’s really important here is a comprehensive plan that deals with the needs of people who already have the disease,” said Alzheimer’s Association president Harry Johns, one of the advisers.

Already families approach the advisory committee “reminding us of the enormity of our task,” said Dr. Ron Petersen, an Alzheimer’s specialist at the Mayo Clinic who chairs the panel.

The Obama administration is developing the first National Alzheimer’s Plan to address the medical and social problems of dementia — not just better treatments but better day-to-day care for dementia patients and their overwhelmed caregivers, too.

The plan still is being written, with the advisory panel’s input. But a draft of its overall goals sets 2025 as a target date to have effective treatments and ways to delay if not completely prevent the illness.

Some advisory members said that’s not aggressive enough, and 2020 would be a better target date.

“We want to be bold,” said Dr. Jennifer Manly of Columbia University. “We think the difference of five years is incredibly meaningful.”

Regardless, an estimated 5.4 million Americans already have Alzheimer’s or similar dementias — and how to help their families cope with day-to-day care is a priority, the advisory committee made clear Tuesday.

The disease is growing steadily as the population ages: By 2050, 13 million to 16 million Americans are projected to have Alzheimer’s, costing $1 trillion in medical and nursing home expenditures. That doesn’t count the billions of dollars in unpaid care provided by relatives and friends.

Today’s treatments only temporarily ease some dementia symptoms, and work to find better ones has been frustratingly slow. Scientists now know that Alzheimer’s is brewing for years before symptoms appear, and they’re hunting ways to stall the disease, maybe long enough that potential sufferers will die of something else first. But it’s still early-stage work.

Meanwhile, as many as half of today’s Alzheimer’s sufferers haven’t been formally diagnosed, a recent report found. That’s in part because of stigma and the belief that nothing can be done. Symptomatic treatment aside, a diagnosis lets families plan, and catching Alzheimer’s earlier would be crucial if scientists ever find a way to stall it, the advisory panel noted.

Among the goals being debated for the national plan:

• Begin a national public awareness campaign of dementia’s early warning signs, to improve timely diagnosis.

• Give primary care doctors the tools to assess signs of dementia as part of Medicare’s annual check-up.

• Have caregivers’ health, physical and mental, regularly checked.

• Improve care-planning and training for families so they know what resources are available for their loved one and themselves.

Meanwhile, in a major setback for patients and doctors, drugmakers Pfizer Inc. and Medivation Inc. said Tuesday they have halted development of a potential Alzheimer’s disease treatment after the drug for a second time yielded disappointing results in a late-stage clinical study.

Dimebon was furthest along in testing among the experimental Alzheimer’s drugs being developed to try to stop or even reverse the course of the mind-robbing disease. Dimebon would have been the first such drug and specialists just a couple of years ago had hoped it would be on the market this year.

Pfizer, the world’s largest drugmaker by revenue, and Medivation said Dimebon failed to significantly improve cognitive ability, as well as self-care and daily functions in patients with mild-to-moderate cases of the disease. The study involved about 1,000 patients who had Dimebon added to their ongoing treatment with Pfizer’s former blockbuster Alzheimer’s drug donepezil, or Aricept.

Aricept, jointly marketed by Pfizer and Japan’s Esai Co. Ltd. and once heavily advertised, had about $3.7 billion in sales in 2009. It lost U.S. patent protection in November 2010, and sales have since plunged.

Dimebon, known chemically as latrepirdine, would have been an even bigger blockbuster if it had panned out. The experimental drug looked promising after it kept Alzheimer’s symptoms from worsening for a year in an earlier patient study.

But Dimebon didn’t work as hoped in a late-stage trial in which patients took it for six months. After those results, announced in March 2010, the companies said they were continuing three other studies that could prove Dimebon helped patients in combination with other Alzheimer’s drugs or when used for a longer period.

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